Upcycle strategy on tree branches to improve eco-efficiency towards a circular economy using life cycle assessment

Abstract A circular economy (CE) is considered capable of being a solution to reduce the use natural resources and waste without harm. system uses products materials at maximum value function. Various strategies were developed for this purpose. However, these efforts often require additional energy create more valuable products. Does increase in value-creation mean than consumption make it happen? This study conducted wood branch waste, which usually only used firewood, processed into hanger with an upcycle strategy. eco-efficiency method determine economic aspect compared environmental impact causes. The cost calculated using life cycle assessment Simapro software. findings from are that can product eco-efficiency. index (EEI) 4.512 EEI firewood 3.816.